Spinal stenosis is a condition where the spaces within the spine become narrowed, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. The narrowing can occur in the cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), or lumbar (lower back) regions of the spine.

Spinal stenosis is typically caused by degenerative changes in the spine that occur with aging, including herniated disks, bone spurs, or thickened ligaments. Other causes may include congenital defects or spinal injuries.

Symptoms of spinal stenosis can vary depending on the location and severity of the narrowing. Common symptoms include back or neck pain, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs, weakness in the arms or legs, and problems with walking or balance. In severe cases, spinal stenosis can lead to bowel or bladder dysfunction. Treatment for spinal stenosis may include medication, physical therapy, or surgery. The goal of treatment is to relieve pain, improve function, and prevent further damage to the spinal cord and nerves. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as losing weight, staying active, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms can also be helpful. Early detection and treatment of spinal stenosis are important for preventing complications and reducing the long-term effects of the condition.