A herniated disk, also known as a slipped or ruptured disk, is a condition that affects the rubbery disks that cushion the bones of the spine. These disks have a soft center called the nucleus pulposus and a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus.
A herniated disk occurs when the nucleus pulposus bulges out through a tear in the annulus fibrosus, putting pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord. This can cause pain, weakness, or numbness in the area of the body served by the affected nerves.
Herniated disks can occur in any part of the spine, but they most commonly occur in the lower back (lumbar spine) or the neck (cervical spine). Risk factors for herniated disks include age-related degeneration of the disks, repetitive lifting or twisting motions, and genetics.
Symptoms of a herniated disk can vary depending on the location and severity of the injury. Common symptoms include pain in the neck or lower back, radiating pain down the arm or leg, muscle weakness, and numbness or tingling in the affected area.
Treatment for a herniated disk may include rest, pain medication, physical therapy, or surgery in severe cases. In some cases, the injury may heal on its own over time with proper care and management.